Evaluating Contrasting Research of Academic Institutions through AI and Deep Learning Model: A Use Case of Scite
Keywords:
Citation Statements, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Machine LearningAbstract
- Objective The study endeavours to analyse the context of the citations using Scite. In addition to analysing citation statements related to the research productivity of selected organisations, the study also investigates the relationship between Lifetime SI and total cites, total cites and contrasting, total cites and supporting, and contrasting and supporting using Scite.
- Methodology The data was obtained from Scite's organisation-level citation data, including organisation names, Lifetime Scite Index (SI), total citations, supporting citations, mentioning citations, and contradicting citations. Scite is a web tool that utilises AI and deep learning models. It helps researchers to better understand the context, location, and classification of citation statements. The data was processed using Jamovi. The Pearson's correlation test was used to examine the relationship between Lifetime SI and total citations, total citations and contrasting, total citations and supporting, as well as contrasting and supporting.
- Findings A positive correlation was observed between lifetime SI (LSI) and total cites (TC) (r= 0.145). Contrasting (C) and Total Cites (TC) (r = 0.984), Contrasting (C) and Supporting (S) (r = 0.988), and Total Cites (TC) and Supporting (S) (r = 0.995) exhibited a strong positive correlation. A significant and strong positive relationship was found between the parameters constituting citation statements.
- Originality This study analyses the contextual nature of citations using Scite. Specifically, it seeks to examine citation statements related to the research productivity of selected organisations.
Downloads
References
References
AI for Research. Scite. (n.d.). scite.ai. https://scite.ai/home
Basumatary, B., Basumatary, N., Vivekavardhan, J., & Verma, M. K. (2024). Tracing the footprints of scholarly influence in academia: a contextual smart citation analysis of highly cited articles using Scite. Global Knowledge Memory and Communication. https://doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-12-2023-0500
Bordignon, F. (2020). Self-correction of science: A comparative study of negative citations and post-publication peer review. Scientometrics, 124(2), 1225–1239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03536-z
Copeland, B. (2025). Artificial intelligence (AI): Definition, examples, types, applications, companies, & facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/Reasoning
Egger, A. E., & Carpi, A. (2017). Scientific controversy. Visionlearning. https://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Scientists-and-Research/58/Scientific-Controversy/181/
Enago Academy. (2022). Smart citations from Scite: A new way to discover and understand research. https://www.enago.com/academy/smart-citations-from-scite/
Futia, G., & Vetrò, A. (2020). On the Integration of Knowledge Graphs into Deep Learning Models for a More Comprehensible AI: Three Challenges for Future Research. Information, 11(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/info11020122
Gonmei, T., Ravikumar, S., & Gayang, F. L. (2024). CC-index is a scite-based enhancement of citation metrics. Global Knowledge Memory and Communication. https://doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-10-2023-0365
Hensel, P. G. (2023). How often are replication attempts questioned? Accountability in Research, 31(8), 1044–1061. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2023.2198126
Holdsworth, J. (2024). Deep learning. What is deep learning? https://www.ibm.com/in-en/topics/deep-learning#:~:text=Machine%20Learning%20Accelerator-what%20is%20deep%20learning%3F,from%20large%20amounts%20of%20data.
Jamovi. (n.d.). Jamovi (Version 2.6). https://www.jamovi.org./
JASP. (n.d.). JASP(Version 0.17.2.1). https://jasp-stats.org/
Long, T. L. (2019). A history of citation styles. Nurse Author & Editor, 29(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-4910.2019.tb00048.x
Lund, B., & Shamsi, A. (2023). Examining the use of supportive and contrasting citations in different disciplines: a brief study using Scite (scite.ai) data. Scientometrics, 128(8), 4895–4900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04781-8
Nicholson, J. M., Mordaunt, M., Lopez, P., Uppala, A., Rosati, D., Rodrigues, N. P., Grabitz, P., & Rife, S. C. (2021). scite: A smart citation index that displays the context of citations and classifies their intent using deep learning. Quantitative Science Studies, 2(3), 882–898. https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00146
Orrall, A. (2025, February 10). Retraction Watch. Retraction Watch. https://retractionwatch.com/
PLOS neglected tropical diseases. (n.d.). https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/
Research guides: Bibliometrics and Altmetrics: Measuring the Impact of Knowledge: Promotion and Tenure. (n.d.). https://lib.guides.umd.edu/c.php?g=327388&p=2196054
Rife, S. C., Rosati, D., & Nicholson, J. M. (2021). scite: The next generation of citations. Faculty & Staff Research and Creative Activity. https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1096&context=faculty
Rosati, D. (2021). How are journals cited? characterizing journal citations by type of citation. arXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2102.11043
Roundy, L. (2015) How Observations Can Challenge Existing Scientific Theory. Study.com. https://study.com/academy/lesson/how-observations-can-challenge-existing-scientific-theory.html
SangamK, S., & Prakash, K. (2006). Improving access to open access journals: Abstracting, indexing and citation sources. In Convention PLANNER -2006, Mizoram Univ.,Aizawl, 09-10 November, 2006. https://ir.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/ir/bitstream/1944/1319/1/406-417.pdf
University of Texas Libraries. (n.d.). Introduction to citations. LibGuides. https://guides.lib.utexas.edu/c.php?g=708753&p=6235486
Uppala, A., Rosati, D., Nicholson, J. M., Mordaunt, M., Grabitz, P., & Rife, S. C. (2022). Title detection: a novel approach to automatically finding retractions and other editorial notices in the scholarly literature. arXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2210.09553
Wager, E., Barbour, V., Yentis, S., & Kleinert, S. (2010). Retractions: Guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 15(1), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236660903474522
Xu, L., Ding, K., Lin, Y., & Zhang, C. (2023). Does citation polarity help evaluate the quality of academic papers? Scientometrics, 128(7), 4065–4087. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04734-1
Yasar, K., Gillis, A. S., & Burns, E. (2024, September 23). What is deep learning and how does it work? Search Enterprise AI. https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/deep-learning-deep-neural-network
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Indian Library Association

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.